John Light
1 min readAug 1, 2024

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This perhaps answers a key question about the predictive brain. There are two ways brains can function: input-process-output (IPO) and predictive-with-feedback (PwF). The difference is the half second latency time with IPO; prediction drops the latency to zero at the cost of occasional behavioral mistakes.

When did this transition take place, since many land animals and all mammals do PwF. IPO is adequate for most fish since water creates a slow boundary between creatures.

In a world of IPO tetrapods on land, a single species of PwF would dominate all the IPO species, perhaps wiping out IPO species or perhaps forcing them to evolve PwF.

Either way, all we see on land is PwF, and the highly intelligent sea creatures have adopted it, as well. We don't know how it happened since the difference is in the softbits of neurons configurations.

I don't believe the researchers of the Free Energy Principle of the brain are looking for the evolutionary origins yet, but you may have a clue for them.

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John Light
John Light

Written by John Light

I write about the brain and the mind. Early degrees in Math and Psychology preceded extensive experience with software engineering and visualization research.

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